One of the main concerns of the transport and logistics industry regarding the electronic transport document or eCMR is its validity outside Spanish borders.
De hecho, tal y como se recoge en el estudio “Grado de Implantación del eCMR en España”, una de las principales barreras para la adopción generalizada de esta solución es la falta de homogeneidad entre países en lo que a la normativa se refiere.
However, there are different documents that guarantee its use in international transport with the same validity as in Spain.
eCMR protocol, international commitment
El principal documento que avala el uso del documento electrónico de transporte en el exterior es el Protocolo Adicional al Convenio relativo al Contrato de Transporte Internacional de Mercancías por Carretera (CMR), relativo a la carta de porte electrónica, es decir, al eCMR.
This was approved in Geneva in 2008 and Spain adhered to it in 2011. As stated in the text, “any consignment note issued in accordance with this Protocol shall be deemed equivalent to the consignment note referred to in the Convention, and shall therefore have the same evidentiary force and produce the same effects as the latter”.
Accession to the eCMR Protocol by the different states has been gradual and to date 38 countries have joined, 39 if Belgium, which has signed the Protocol but has not yet ratified it, is taken into account.
Esto significa que hay 38 países, europeos y extracomunitarios, que ya permiten operar con el documento electrónico de transporte bajo unos criterios comunes.
Countries adhering to the eCMR Protocol
Los países adheridos hasta la fecha al Protocolo eCMR, según datos de Naciones Unidas son los siguientes:
Germany (January 5, 2022)
Armenia (October 08, 2024)
Austria (August 6, 2024)
Azerbaijan (December 27, 2022)
Belgium (signed on May 27, 2008)
Belarus (February 7, 2019)
Bulgaria (September 15, 2010)
Denmark (June 28, 2013)
Slovakia (February 21, 2014)
Slovenia (August 15, 2017)
Spain (May 11, 2011)
Estonia (November 2, 2016)
Finland (signed on May 27, 2008 and ratified on January 11, 2019)
France (October 5, 2016)
Greece (October 23, 2023)
Hungary (August 28, 2024)
Iran (November 8, 2017)
Italy (June 28, 2024)
Kyrgyzstan (August 26, 2022)
Latvia (signed on May 27, 2008 and ratified on February 3, 2010)
Lithuania (signed on May 27, 2008 and ratified on March 7, 2011)
Luxembourg (December 26, 2017)
Moldova (March 14, 2018)
Norway (signed on May 27, 2008 and ratified on June 11, 2020)
Oman (September 23, 2020)
Netherlands (signed on May 28, 2008 and ratified on January 7, 2009)
Poland (June 13, 2019)
Portugal (September 26, 2019)
United Kingdom (December 20, 2019)
Czech Republic (April 14, 2011)
Romania (March 14, 2019)
Russia (March 6, 2018)
Sweden (signed on May 27, 2008 and ratified on March 9, 2020)
Switzerland (signed on May 27, 2008 and ratified on January 26, 2009)
Tajikistan (July 9, 2019)
Turkmenistan (December 21, 2022)
Turkey (January 31, 2018)
Ukraine (July 10, 2020)
Uzbekistan (October 16, 2020)
Complementary regulations to the eCMR Protocol
Además del Protocolo eCMR, que ya hemos visto que ofrece seguridad a los transportistas españoles para operar en el exterior con documentación electrónica, existe otra normativa complementaria que refuerza el uso del eCMR en Europa.
En esta ocasión nos referimos al Reglamento eFTI (Electronic Freight Transport Information), que establece un marco jurídico para la comunicación por vía electrónica de información reglamentaria relativa al transporte de mercancías en el territorio de la Unión entre los operadores económicos interesados y las autoridades competentes.
Specifically, in 2026, at which time this regulation obliges administrations to accept transport information in electronic format.
This is a new guarantee for those carriers who are hesitant to implement an eCMR solution due to the possible inconveniences that may arise abroad.
En síntesis, el Protocolo eCMR y el Reglamento eFTI comparten el objetivo de digitalizar y optimizar el transporte internacional de mercancías mediante la eliminación de procesos en papel y la promoción de la interoperabilidad de datos en toda la Unión Europea y su entorno.
Both frameworks seek to reduce or eliminate reliance on paper in logistics and freight transportation.
The eCMR Protocol replaces paper waybills and other documents with electronic documents in road transport, facilitating real-time data access and management.
For its part, the eFTI Regulation establishes a framework for the digital exchange of information between operators and regulatory authorities in Europe, including the data necessary for regulatory compliance.
SeamLess eCMR by FIELDEAS Track and Trace
El módulo SeamLess eCMR de FIELDEAS Track and Trace está preparado para cumplir con toda la normativa internacional que entrará en vigor en el corto plazo.
De hecho, es una de las pocas soluciones del mercado que cuenta con plena garantía jurídica y regulatoria, tanto en España, cumpliendo con los requerimientos de la modificación del ROTT en junio de 2023, como en el exterior.
Además, nuestra solución tiene la capacidad de incluir toda la información requerida en función del tipo de transporte e incluir en el tratamiento de la documentación la firma digital avanzada, así como garantizar la integridad de la información en la custodia del documento.
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